From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Thu Jul 2 06:40:06 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id GAA20921 (ESMTP). Thu, 2 Jul 1998 06:40:05 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id GAA09648. Thu, 2 Jul 1998 06:37:09 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin10 [131.155.70.127] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id GAA09644 (ESMTP). Thu, 2 Jul 1998 06:37:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@mail.minn.net [208.16.88.2] by svin10.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id GAA19259 (ESMTP). Thu, 2 Jul 1998 06:37:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from PC_keithp.minn.net (dialup-pm2-2.minn.net [208.16.89.42]) by mail.minn.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id XAA02615 for ; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 23:36:59 -0500 Message-ID: X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 To: "Discovery list" MIME-Version: 1.0 From: "Keith Pickering" Subject: [EXP] Byrd's North Pole flight: MW article Date: Wed, 01 Jul 98 23:37:02 PDT Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; X-MAPIextension=".TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: O Some of you may have read an article in the March/April issue of _Mercator's World_ on Richard E. Byrd's alleged flight to the North Pole of May 9, 1926 ("Due North?" by William E. Molett). Listmembers (and others) should be aware that Molett's article contains a number of misstatements of fact regarding the contents of Byrd's diary of the flight. The diary contains erased sextant readings that differ from those in Byrd's offical report. Molett claims that the sextant reading for 7:07 GCT is accompanied by "an unerased sextant reading for the same time on the same page," and refers to this unerased reading repeatedly in the article. This is false. There is no such unerased reading anywhere in Byrd's diary. Molett also quotes Byrd's offical report several times and misattributes these quotes to the diary. I have written a letter to the editor about this matter, but in the meantime, don't take Molett's research seriously. Keith Pickering keithp@minn.net |====================================== | Visit the Columbus Navigation Homepage | http://www1.minn.net/~keithp |====================================== From ExJournal@aol.com Fri Jul 3 21:01:54 1998 Received: from root@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id VAA25004 (ESMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 21:01:53 +0200 (MET DST) From: ExJournal@aol.com Received: from root@svbs01 [131.155.69.3] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id VAA20181 (ESMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 21:01:40 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from imo25.mx.aol.com [198.81.17.69] by svbs01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) id VAA00984 (ESMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 21:01:47 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from ExJournal@aol.com by imo25.mx.aol.com (IMOv14_b1.1) id OQLSa03745; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:00:57 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <385506a0.359d2a6a@aol.com> Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:00:57 EDT To: ShieldsE@mail.ecu.edu, owner-discovery@win.tue.nl, discovery@win.tue.nl Mime-Version: 1.0 Subject: Re: Re: [EXP] whelsh prince discovers America? Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Mac sub 84 Status: OR Dear all - With the advent of cheap computation, coupled with widespread interest in comparative linguistics, can any cite a comparative analysis of Welsh to any Amerind languages? This might prove interesting if such an analysis had been undertaken. Regards, Carl Schuster From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Fri Jul 3 23:07:15 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA25599 (ESMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 23:07:15 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id XAA20526. Fri, 3 Jul 1998 23:05:15 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin01 [131.155.70.70] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA20522 (ESMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 23:05:10 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from [195.174.34.127] by svin01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA00589 (SMTP). Fri, 3 Jul 1998 23:05:17 +0200 (MET DST) From: rlb To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: Re: [EXP] whelsh prince discovers America? Date: Fri, 3 Jul 98 23:20:21 In-Reply-To: ExJournal@aol.com Comment: Turkce karekter filtresinden gecirildi. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-ID: <9807032330.aa05949@bbs.doruk.com.tr> Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR >Dear all - With the advent of cheap computation, coupled with widespread >interest in comparative linguistics, can any cite a comparative analysis of >Welsh to any Amerind languages? This might prove interesting if such an >analysis had been undertaken. Regards, Carl Schuster There are hundreds--I hesitate to say thousands--of Amerind languages. Have you got a particular one in mind? Bob Istanbul --- A hollow voice utters "LLgonquin". From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sat Jul 4 11:39:23 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA14604 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 11:39:22 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id LAA21389. Sat, 4 Jul 1998 11:37:29 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin10 [131.155.70.127] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA21385 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 11:37:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from delftnet.nl [194.229.15.1] by svin10.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA05918 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 11:37:34 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from peter (modem5.delftnet.nl [194.229.15.250]) by delftnet.nl (8.8.2/8.7.3) with SMTP id LAA29142; Sat, 4 Jul 1998 11:37:36 +0200 Message-Id: <3.0.2.32.19980704113634.006a5854@delftnet.nl> X-Sender: pvdk@delftnet.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.2 (32) Date: Sat, 04 Jul 1998 11:36:34 +0200 To: maphist@harvarda.harvard.edu, discovery@win.tue.nl From: Peter van der Krogt Subject: [EXP] Western Ocean Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR (Posted to MapHist and Discovery-List) Dear all, I am asked to date a globe, which is in my opinion a 19th or even 20th century work, where the maker did his best to give the map a 17th century look. I have only a photograph showing the Atlantic Ocean. Striking is that in the South Atlantic the name "Western Ocean" (in English!) is written, whereas in the North Atlantic the usual 17th century "Mar del Nord" appears. Has anybody seen before the name "Western Ocean" used for the South Atlantic? Peter ______________________________________________________ Visit the MapHist WWW page YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Dr Peter van der Krogt Map Historian, Explokart Research Program Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Utrecht P.O. Box 80.115 3508 TC UTRECHT, The Netherlands e-mail: p.vanderkrogt@geog.uu.nl and pvdk@delftnet.nl Fax +31 15 212 6063 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYY PER ANGUSTA AD AUGUSTA YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sat Jul 4 15:50:01 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id PAA15385 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 15:50:00 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id PAA21722. Sat, 4 Jul 1998 15:49:03 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin01 [131.155.70.70] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id PAA21718 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 15:48:59 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from ameredith@benfranklin.hnet.uci.edu [128.200.119.150] by svin01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id PAA29439 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 15:49:08 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from localhost (ameredith@localhost) by benfranklin.hnet.uci.edu (8.8.8/) with SMTP id GAA03384 for ; Sat, 4 Jul 1998 06:49:07 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sat, 4 Jul 1998 06:49:07 -0700 (PDT) From: Austin Meredith To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: Re: [EXP] whelsh prince discovers America? In-Reply-To: <9807032330.aa05949@bbs.doruk.com.tr> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR On Fri, 3 Jul 1998, Carl Schuster wrote and Bob of Istanbul responded: > > Dear all - With the advent of cheap computation, coupled with > > widespread interest in comparative linguistics, can any cite a > > comparative analysis of Welsh to any Amerind languages? > There are hundreds--I hesitate to say thousands--of Amerind languages. The usual thing has been to compare Welsh with Mandan. This was initiated by the artist George Catlin, who had lived with the Mandan, in 1841. The effort was denounced by the historian Samuel Eliot Morison in 1971 as having been, and I quote, "phony." \s\ Austin Meredith , "Stack of the Artist of Kouroo" Project From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sat Jul 4 23:47:48 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA18047 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 23:47:48 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id XAA22118. Sat, 4 Jul 1998 23:43:20 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin04 [131.155.70.154] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA22114 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 23:43:15 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us [146.115.194.10] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id XAA17838 (ESMTP). Sat, 4 Jul 1998 23:43:25 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from [146.115.69.66] by bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us with SMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 1.2); Sat, 4 Jul 1998 17:44:16 -0400 X-Sender: reaston@bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Sat, 4 Jul 1998 17:47:00 -0500 To: discovery@win.tue.nl From: reaston@bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us (Robert W. Easton) Subject: [EXP] Viking travels Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR I have seen photographs of runes scribed in the marble floor of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Does anyone know if there are any traces of Viking explorers in nearby Greece? Robert W. Easton Bancroft School 12 Beechmont Street 110 Shore Drive Worcester, MA Worcester, MA 01609 01605 From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sun Jul 5 09:06:17 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id JAA05518 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 09:06:17 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id JAA22871. Sun, 5 Jul 1998 09:04:50 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svtt01 [131.155.70.80] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id JAA22867 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 09:04:45 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from f204.hotmail.com [207.82.251.95] by svtt01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id JAA14281 (SMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 09:04:54 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (qmail 7224 invoked by uid 0); 5 Jul 1998 07:04:24 -0000 Message-ID: <19980705070424.7223.qmail@hotmail.com> Received: from 208.255.165.223 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP; Sun, 05 Jul 1998 00:04:23 PDT X-Originating-IP: [208.255.165.223] From: "Gregory McIntosh" To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels Content-Type: text/plain Date: Sun, 05 Jul 1998 00:04:23 PDT Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR There is no connection between runic inscriptions in Istanbul and Viking explorers. The runic inscriptions in Istanbul are connected to the famous Varangian Guard. They were Vikings who came from Scandinavia by way of the Russian rivers to Constantinople to serve the Emperor. But they were not explorers as we usually think of the word. They were mercenaries. There is a marble lion in Venice, that originally came from Athens, with a runic inscription, now illegible, from the second half of the 11th century. See Gwyn Jones, A HISTORY OF THE VIKINGS, London: OUP, 1968, p. 267-8. Greg McIntosh plusultra@hotmail.com > >I have seen photographs of runes scribed in the marble floor of Hagia >Sophia in Istanbul. Does anyone know if there are any traces of Viking >explorers in nearby Greece? > >Robert W. Easton >Bancroft School >12 Beechmont Street >110 Shore Drive > >Worcester, MA >Worcester, MA >01609 >01605 > > > ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sun Jul 5 10:15:34 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA05665 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:15:34 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id KAA22987. Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:14:05 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin08 [131.155.70.71] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA22983 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:14:00 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from hbgstad.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.10] by svin08.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA18005 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:14:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from heabppp47.helsingborg.se (heabppp47.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.207]) by hbgstad.helsingborg.se (8.8.0/8.8.0) with SMTP id KAA08855 for ; Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:14:08 +0200 (MET DST) Message-ID: <359FA6C1.64E@helsingborg.se> Date: Sun, 05 Jul 1998 09:16:01 -0700 From: Bertil Haggman Organization: CRG X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win16; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Robert W. Easton wrote: > > I have seen photographs of runes scribed in the marble floor of Hagia > Sophia in Istanbul. Does anyone know if there are any traces of Viking > explorers in nearby Greece? The Varangian runes in Hagia Sofia are as follows: 1. South Gallery: a large number of words starting with alftan which has been interpreted as Halvdan, common viking first name in Denmark and Sweden. The other words have not, as far as I know, been interpreted. 2. North Gallery: ari:k (could be the first name Are followed by the k rune, which could stand for k or g. Possibly Are was intending to write "Are did" which would be ari: kiarthi, bu his work was interrupted or he simply tired. Are was a first name in all of Scandinavia but common only on Iceland. Greetings Bertil Haggman From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sun Jul 5 10:29:54 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA05700 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:29:53 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id KAA23045. Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:29:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svbs01 [131.155.69.3] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA23041 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:28:59 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from hbgstad.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.10] by svbs01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id KAA11844 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:29:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from heabppp47.helsingborg.se (heabppp47.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.207]) by hbgstad.helsingborg.se (8.8.0/8.8.0) with SMTP id KAA09309 for ; Sun, 5 Jul 1998 10:29:08 +0200 (MET DST) Message-ID: <359FAAC2.21E5@helsingborg.se> Date: Sun, 05 Jul 1998 09:33:06 -0700 From: Bertil Haggman Organization: CRG X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win16; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels References: <19980705070424.7223.qmail@hotmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Gregory McIntosh wrote: > There is no connection between runic inscriptions in Istanbul and Viking > explorers. The runic inscriptions in Istanbul are connected to the > famous Varangian Guard. They were Vikings who came from Scandinavia by > way of the Russian rivers to Constantinople to serve the Emperor. But > they were not explorers as we usually think of the word. They were > mercenaries. The purpose of the Swedish vikings travels on the rivers of Russia and Ukraine down to Constantinople and Arab countries was both exploration, trading, and settlement. The question of the Rus is not yet settled there being mainly two schools: normanist and anti-normanist. The common normanist interpretation being that the Rus (the vikings) came form the region of Roslagen north of Stockholm. The word Roslagen meaning roughly "team of rowers". In the later years of viking travels a number of warriors were hired as guards by the Byzantine emperor (the Varangian Guard) but the term Varangian was also used for the vikings who travelled down Volga and Dnepr. > There is a marble lion in Venice, that originally came from Athens, with > a runic inscription, now illegible, from the second half of the 11th > century. See Gwyn Jones, A HISTORY OF THE VIKINGS, London: OUP, 1968, > p. 267-8. The Pireus lion is from Porto Leon, harbour of Athens. The inscriptions are by Swedish vikings in Greece. The inscription is almost gone but there are a number of interpretations should anyone on the list be interested. The lion was brought as war trophy to Venice in 1687 but the runic inscription was found by a Swedish diplomat, J.D. Aakerblad. Greetings Bertil Haggman From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sun Jul 5 11:04:31 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA05799 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 11:04:31 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id LAA23191. Sun, 5 Jul 1998 11:03:17 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svis01 [131.155.70.161] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA23187 (ESMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 11:03:12 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from [195.174.34.127] by svis01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA03389 (SMTP). Sun, 5 Jul 1998 11:03:20 +0200 (MET DST) From: rlb To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels Date: Sun, 5 Jul 98 12:08:13 Comment: Turkce karekter filtresinden gecirildi. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-ID: <9807051202.aa21254@bbs.doruk.com.tr> Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Robert W. Easton wrote: >I have seen photographs of runes scribed in the marble floor of Hagia >Sophia in Istanbul. Does anyone know if there are any traces of Viking >explorers in nearby Greece? The runes are not those of Viking explorers; they were probably inscribed by a member of the Byzantines' Varangian Guard. The Varangians (the name comes from "virinjar", derived from an Old Norse word meaning "plighted fish") were originally Russianized Vikings whose forebears had sailed across the Baltic and up the rivers of northern Russia and dominated the Slav tribes of the interior. In 988 the Byzantine emperor Basil II formed an alliance with Vladimer, Prince of Kiev. In return for the hand in marriage of Basil's sister, Anna, Vladimer promised to send 6,000 fully-equipped Varangians that Basil was desperately in need of in order to suppress rivals for his throne. The 6,000 Varangians arrived in early February 989 and Basil's problems with rivals were quickly--and brutally--resolved. Convincing Anna to go to Kiev was a bit more of a problem but the presence of 6,000 Varangians in Constantinople had the effect of focusing minds marvelously. Anna was eventually packed off--against a promise that Vladimer would embrace the Orthodox faith. He did. And not only was he baptized, he also got rid of his other four wives and eight hundred concubines and spent the rest of his life making conversions and building churches everywhere. After his death, he was canonized. As for the Varangians... They stayed on in Constantinople and became the imperial guard. Their numbers were replenished from time to time by new recruits from among Russian and Anglo-Saxon Vikings. (The last part of the Grettissaga (The Saga of Grettir) is about Grettir's young brother, Thorsteinn, who heads for Miklagard (Constantinople) and joins the Varangians there.) The Haghia Sophia inscription is not on the floor, by the way; it's on a marble screen in the south gallery. The inscription has been read as the name "Halfdan" and is dated to possibly the eleventh century. There's an image of it at: For more details about the Varangians in general check out: It's a fascinating story. Bob Bragner Istanbul --- Kanyak's Doghouse From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Tue Jul 7 11:59:56 1998 Received: from root@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id LAA23907 (ESMTP). Tue, 7 Jul 1998 11:59:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id DAA02767. Tue, 7 Jul 1998 03:26:40 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin10 [131.155.70.127] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA02763 (ESMTP). Tue, 7 Jul 1998 03:26:35 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@mail.minn.net [208.16.88.2] by svin10.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA22262 (ESMTP). Tue, 7 Jul 1998 03:26:46 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from PC_keithp.minn.net (dialup-pm5-21.minn.net [208.16.89.151]) by mail.minn.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id UAA14656 for ; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 20:26:43 -0500 Message-ID: In-Reply-To: <002e01bda92c$4ea91180$d581fea9@simon> References: Conversation <002e01bda92c$4ea91180$d581fea9@simon> with last message <002e01bda92c$4ea91180$d581fea9@simon> X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 To: "Discovery list" MIME-Version: 1.0 From: "Keith Pickering" Subject: [EXP] Fw: Attention Capt. Cook fans! Date: Mon, 06 Jul 98 20:24:18 PDT Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; X-MAPIextension=".TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR I am cross-posting the following from MAPHIST. Keith Pickering keithp@minn.net |====================================== | Visit the Columbus Navigation Homepage | http://www1.minn.net/~keithp |====================================== ---------- > Date: Monday, July 06, 1998 15:20:38 > From: Gowrie Galleries > To: Multiple recipients of list MAPHIST > Subject: Re: Attention Capt. Cook fans! > > Alive Hudson is correct in saying that the 'Endeavour' was built in > Australia. > > Out of interest, an exact replica of the 'Duyfken', the ship attributed as > making the first European contact with Australia, is being built at the > Western Australian Maritime Museum, Fremantle. > > This project has been instituted by the 'Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation' > and is more or less an extension of the project that saw the building of the > 'Endeavour'. > > For those of you who may be interested, the Foundation can be contacted by > email on - duyfken@vianet.net.au or visit their website on > www.duyfken.org.au. > > The Foundation has a handsome booklet detailing the project, that can be > purchased. They also welcome donations. > > Perhaps it would be worthwhile suggesting the Foundation raise a few > shipworms! > > Simon > > Gowrie Galleries > 316 Oxford St, Woollahra, 2025 > NSW, Australia > (61 2) 9387 4581 - Ph > (61 2)9389 0640 - Fax > maps@sydney.net > www.gowrie-galleries.net.au > > -----Original Message----- > From: ahudson > To: Multiple recipients of list MAPHIST > Date: Tuesday, 7 July 1998 2:52 > Subject: Attention Capt. Cook fans! > > > > This holiday weekend I stayed in town, very nice, most others left the > > city quietly to me! In the Friday NYTimes, in the children's events > > listings, which I almost never read, was a notice that a recreation of > > Capt. Cook's Bark Endeavor would be in the marina at the World > > Financial Center, and gee whiz take the kids... > > > > Now I am working on the stuff about English mapping, and I am > > thinking, I would like to see this thing, just to get in the spirit of > > English mapping and charting. > > > > Well, it was fun! Not too informative re mapping and charting, as none > > of the docents aboard knew the answers to any of my questions! Like > > where were the charts kept... But it was well worth the visit. Nothing > > at all like HMS Victory, but then, unique is unique, right? > > > > Cook's little flatbottomed coastal coal carrier, refitted for his > > Pacific voyages, is a spunky upstart compared to Victory, a warship, > > which may be why it was fun. The recreated Endeavor is a bit to clean > > and fresh, not shopworn, or even fake shopworn, and so seems a bit > > unreal for that. I believe the recreated Endeavor was built in > > Australia. Also, note that the trip along the East Coast is co > > sponsored by the National Geographic Society. > > > > I was disappointed after my visit that there was no shop, no books for > > information for sale, no information about becoming a donor or "Friend > > of Endeavor." Missed the boat there...we have all been well trained by > > museums to expect the shop display when we come out of whatever > > exhibit we've seen, and we are pumped up to buy...no luck here. > > > > However, do go for a visit! If you are in the Northeastern U.S. and > > Canada this summer and fall, schedule a trip to see Endeavor. The > > donation to board was $10 in NYC. > > > > Norwalk, CT July 11-20 > > Newport, RI July 25-Aug 9 > > New Bedford, MA Aug 29-Sept 7 > > boston, MA Aug 15-23 > > Portsmouth, NH Spet 12-21 > > Bath, ME Sept. 26-Oct. 4 > > Halifax, N.S. Oct. 10-18 > > > > Endeavor has a website, but I left that flier at home! I will post it > > tomorrow. A phone number for info: 703-519-4556; Fax 703-519-4557. > > > > Alice Hudson > > Map Division, NYPL > > From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Tue Jul 7 12:00:27 1998 Received: from root@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id MAA24195 (ESMTP). Tue, 7 Jul 1998 12:00:25 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id WAA01750. Mon, 6 Jul 1998 22:03:49 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin07 [131.155.70.232] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id WAA01745 (ESMTP). Mon, 6 Jul 1998 22:03:42 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from hbgstad.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.10] by svin07.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id WAA03020 (ESMTP). Mon, 6 Jul 1998 22:03:54 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from heabppp68.helsingborg.se (heabppp68.helsingborg.se [193.180.104.223]) by hbgstad.helsingborg.se (8.8.0/8.8.0) with SMTP id WAA24118 for ; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 22:03:49 +0200 (MET DST) Message-ID: <35A19681.6547@helsingborg.se> Date: Mon, 06 Jul 1998 20:31:13 -0700 From: Bertil Haggman Organization: CRG X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win16; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Tony Zbaraschuk wrote: > Well ... find a good Byzantine history. The Byzantines hired Norsemen > in considerable numbers (the Varangians, for instance, the primary > Imperial Guard, were Norsemen.) Most Norse contact with Byzantium > came through Russia. We tend to hear mostly about the Norse who moved > west to England and Iceland and Greenland, but at least as many of them > went east as west. Somewhat unhappy about the use of the term "Norsemen" for Swedish vikings in Russia. The term Norse is linked to western voyages and raids. > Of course there are also the Normans in Sicily (who came there from > Normandy, which in turn had been taken over by Hrolf Ganger -- the "Rollo" > of French sources in 911), and they fought a number of wars with the > Byzantines. Gaange Rolf, as he is called in Norway, the country of his origin, was called that because he had to walk ("gaa") being so heavy that no horse could carry him. > You don't have to hunt for "traces of explorers"; just read the histories. > Anna Comnena has some very interesting accounts of Bohemond and other > Norman leaders. There are traces (like the runes in Hagia Sofia) but they are mainly concentrated further to the North in Novgorod, on the Lake Lagoda and at the Dnepr Rapids. And not only Swedes served in the Varangian Guard. Also Norwegians, Icelanders, and Danes. Greetings Bertil Haggman From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Tue Jul 7 12:00:50 1998 Received: from root@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id MAA24449 (ESMTP). Tue, 7 Jul 1998 12:00:48 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id UAA01276. Mon, 6 Jul 1998 20:08:07 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin03 [131.155.70.153] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id UAA01272 (ESMTP). Mon, 6 Jul 1998 20:08:02 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from inet.lasierra.edu [192.156.214.14] by svin03.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id UAA22354 (ESMTP). Mon, 6 Jul 1998 20:08:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from [206.17.219.14] (jackson.lib.lasierra.edu [206.17.219.14]) by inet.lasierra.edu (8.8.8/8.7.3) with ESMTP id LAA27217 for ; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:13:37 -0700 (PDT) X-Sender: tzbarasc@inet.lasierra.edu Message-Id: In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:09:31 -0700 To: discovery@win.tue.nl From: Tony Zbaraschuk Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR >I have seen photographs of runes scribed in the marble floor of Hagia >Sophia in Istanbul. Does anyone know if there are any traces of Viking >explorers in nearby Greece? Well ... find a good Byzantine history. The Byzantines hired Norsemen in considerable numbers (the Varangians, for instance, the primary Imperial Guard, were Norsemen.) Most Norse contact with Byzantium came through Russia. We tend to hear mostly about the Norse who moved west to England and Iceland and Greenland, but at least as many of them went east as west. Of course there are also the Normans in Sicily (who came there from Normandy, which in turn had been taken over by Hrolf Ganger -- the "Rollo" of French sources in 911), and they fought a number of wars with the Byzantines. You don't have to hunt for "traces of explorers"; just read the histories. Anna Comnena has some very interesting accounts of Bohemond and other Norman leaders. Tony Z Special Collections Librarian & Archivist E-mail: tzbarasc@lasierra.edu La Sierra University Et vocavit Deus, "Fiat lux!" From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Thu Jul 9 03:28:36 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA26554 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 03:28:35 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id DAA06264. Thu, 9 Jul 1998 03:23:26 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svtt01 [131.155.70.80] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA06260 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 03:23:18 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@mail.minn.net [208.16.88.2] by svtt01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA04306 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 03:23:31 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from PC_keithp.minn.net (dialup-pm6-19.minn.net [208.16.89.179]) by mail.minn.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id UAA00797 for ; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 20:23:27 -0500 Message-ID: In-Reply-To: <35A2D6E1.6831228@ncia.net> References: Conversation <35A2D6E1.6831228@ncia.net> with last message <35A2D6E1.6831228@ncia.net> X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 To: "Discovery list" MIME-Version: 1.0 From: "Keith Pickering" Subject: Re: [EXP] Histoplasmosis -- to whom it may concern Date: Wed, 08 Jul 98 20:14:40 PDT Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; X-MAPIextension=".TXT" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR I believe the query about bat droppings was posted on Standpipe-L. Keith Pickering keithp@minn.net |====================================== | Visit the Columbus Navigation Homepage | http://www1.minn.net/~keithp |====================================== ---------- > Did someone want to know about Histoplasmosis from bat droppings? If > he/she encourages others to join in an effort that will them to H. > capsulatum, I suggest that the enrourager buy a lot of insurance or call > off the expedition. It's a nasty disease and the side effects of the > antibiotics suggested as treatment are not mentioned below. They can be > very toxic, even lethal. > > > Histoplasmosis > > Histoplasmosis, a systemic mycosis characterized by infection of the > fixed and circulating > phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system, is caused by the > dimorphic fungus H. > capsulatum. This fungus grows in soil in many areas of the world, > particularly in soil enriched > with the fecal material of chickens, starlings, and bats. In the United > States, the endemic area > is in the eastern central portion of the country; the center of disease > activity is within the > Ohio and Mississippi river valleys but also extends eastward into > Virginia and Maryland. > Disease occurs when fungus-laden soil is disturbed, thus creating an > aerosol of infectious > spores. > Although histoplasmosis has long been associated with farming and > rural life, epidemic > histoplasmosis has been increasingly reported among urban and suburban > populations. The > common denominator in such outbreaks has been the disturbance of soil in > and around a > starling roost or accumulations of bat droppings. Large numbers of > susceptible individuals > will be infected whenever such sites contaminated with infectious H. > capsulatum spores are > disturbed (e.g., during construction, urban renewal, or park or > empty-lot cleanup campaigns). > One such epidemic of histoplasmosis in Indianapolis involved more than > 100,000 persons.38 > Although patients with other systemic mycoses show some degree of > cross-reaction to the > histoplasmin antigen, histoplasmin skin testing has been very useful in > defining the > geographic extent of histoplasmosis and in indicating the high rate of > asymptomatic infection > within the endemic region (> 90 percent in some areas). One long-term > study of naval recruits > has shown that the frequency and size of the skin reaction to > histoplasmin are greatest in > individuals from the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys, where H. > capsulatum is endemic. In > the Southwest and Southeast, there were fewer persons showing positive > reactions, and the > size of the reaction was smaller; these findings apparently represent > cross-reactions that > reflect the presence of endemic coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis in > these areas. > Because the incidence of primary infection is related to the risk of > exposure, primary > histoplasmosis is most commonly observed in farmers, construction > workers, children, and > other persons involved in outdoor activities. Progressive pulmonary > disease appears to be > predominantly a disease of middle-aged men, probably because of the > presence of chronic > lung disease in this group of patients. Disseminated disease has its > highest incidence in > elderly persons, infants, and patients who are immunosuppressed, > particularly those with > AIDS. > > PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY > > The initial event in the development of histoplasmosis is the > inhalation of H. capsulatum > spores and their delivery to the periphery of the lung. Spread to the > regional lymph nodes > and to the bloodstream then occurs rapidly. One to three weeks after > initial infection, > cell-mediated immunity to the organism develops, and a necrotizing > granulomatous reaction > begins to appear (in the lymph nodes and prominently in the lungs). > During this early period, > the characteristic phagocytosis of H. capsulatum by reticuloendothelial > cells is initiated. The > dispersal of these infected cells probably accounts at least partly for > hematogenous > dissemination. Although disseminated H. capsulatum may infect any organ > of the body, it is > most commonly found in those organs best endowed with > reticuloendothelial cells: the liver, > spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, adrenal gland, and mucosae of the > mouth, oropharynx, > and gastrointestinal tract. > In both primary and metastatic lesions, the characteristic histologic > pattern is that of an > epithelial cell granuloma [see Figure 5], a lesion that frequently > contains LanghansÆ giant > cells. As lesions age, the central portions develop caseating necrosis > and may calcify, and > the peripheral portions become quite fibrotic. Within such lesions, H. > capsulatum cells are > usually found only in the caseous material. They are seen poorly or not > at all with > hematoxylin-eosin staining, but they are visualized well with GomoriÆs > methenamine-silver > stain. > The clinical outcome of the interaction between H. capsulatum and a > human host may be > quite variable. After exposure to a small number of organisms, a normal > adult will be > asymptomatic, although a young child may have an acute influenzalike > syndrome. With > heavier exposure, acute symptomatic infection develops in all persons. > Chronic pulmonary > histoplasmosis appears to develop in individuals predisposed by > underlying chronic > pulmonary disease. Disseminated disease develops in persons with an > overt or covert > immune defect, even if the immune defect is transitory. Acute > histoplasmosis occasionally > has an immunosuppressive effect.38 > Cell-mediated immunity to H. capsulatum decreases with time unless > reexposure occurs. In > endemic areas, reinfection is common, although illness caused by > reinfection tends to be > milder than that observed on first exposure to the organism. Exogenous > reinfection is > thought to be more common than endogenous reactivation of latent > infection, except perhaps > in such highly immunosuppressed patients as those with AIDS.38 > Mediastinal involvement in histoplasmosis merits special comment. The > common form of > mediastinal disease is akin to H. capsulatum infection of lymph nodes > elsewhere in the body: > a chain of granulomatous, fibrocaseous, calcified lymph nodes within the > mediastinum > adheres to, compresses, and occasionally ruptures into adjacent > structures. There are usually > no symptoms unless rupture occurs. Lymph nodes heal by concentric > addition of mature > collagen, and the process eventually resolves. In a few patients, there > may be an exuberant > proliferation of fibrous tissue, perhaps because of an overzealous > immune response to > antigens released from involved nodes. This proliferation results in > invasion, engulfment, > and obstruction of vital mediastinal structures, a clinical syndrome > that has been termed > mediastinal fibrosis.39 The critical role of H. capsulatum antigens in > the perpetuation of this > process is underlined by the observation that long-term ketoconazole > therapy is quite useful > for inducing disease remission.40 > Finally, a sarcoidosis-like syndrome, responsive to corticosteroids, > has been described in > patients with laboratory evidence of H. capsulatum infection. Whether > this syndrome is a > separate, coexisting disorder or represents an atypical response to the > fungal infection is > currently unclear.41 > > CLINICAL FEATURES > > Primary Histoplasmosis > > The majority of persons (60 to 90 percent) who inhale H.capsulatum > spores exhibit no > symptoms or manifest a symptom complex indistinguishable from the common > cold. In > patients with symptomatic disease severe enough to lead to an etiologic > diagnosis, the > clinical presentation resembles an acute influenzalike syndrome: > nonproductive cough, > pleurisy, shortness of breath, hoarseness, fever, night sweats, > myalgias, arthralgias, and > weight loss. In individuals who inhale a large infecting inoculum, the > symptoms and degree > of respiratory embarrassment may be quite severe; rarely, such patients > require mechanical > ventilatory support. Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme may > occasionally be seen > in this setting.38 > A variety of findings may be seen on x-ray: bilateral patchy areas of > bronchopneumonia; > diffuse air-space infection; discrete, widely distributed minute > nodules; or a solitary > pulmonary nodule. Regional adenopathy is common, although pleural > effusions are > uncommon. Healing may be complete, but often, there is scarring and > calcification. Acute > cavitary histoplasmosis with ultimate healing has been clearly > documented in a few patients > with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease secondary to cigarette > smoking. Scarred or > calcified lesions, particularly those within lymph nodes, may later > undergo a process similar > to that seen in tuberculosis; that is, they may break down to produce > large cystic structures, > may intrude on bronchi (e.g., the right middle lobe syndrome), or may > even form broncholiths > that rupture into the bronchial tree. The healed pulmonary lesions > themselves usually cause > little trouble except for the possible confusion of solitary nodules > with carcinoma, which may > lead to unnecessary thoracotomy.38 > > Disseminated Histoplasmosis > > Symptomatic disseminated disease develops in fewer than one in > 50,000 patients with > primary histoplasmosis. Manifestations of transient dissemination, > however, such as positive > blood and urine cultures and late splenic calcifications, are not > uncommonly associated with > self-limited acute disease. Clinical disseminated histoplasmosis may > present as a systemic > illness with multiple organ system involvement: patients have > hepatosplenomegaly, > generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, > anemia, and > leukopenia. In some cases, fewer systemic manifestations are seen and > the disease may > predominantly affect one organ, resulting in adrenal insufficiency; > solitary ulcerations or > mass lesions of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, stomach, or bowel; or > infection of anatomically > abnormal cardiovascular surfaces (endocarditis and endarteritis). > Adrenal insufficiency, a > particularly significant complication, has been noted in 50 percent of > patients. Years after > apparently successful chemotherapy, some of these patients may become > addisonian.38 > Most patients with disseminated disease appear to have some form of > immune disturbance > that leads to impaired macrophage killing of the H. capsulatum organisms > and to impaired > tissue reaction to the organismsÆ presence. In patients with AIDS, > progressive, > disseminated histoplasmosis is an important opportunistic infection and, > not uncommonly, > has a fulminant course or causes such unusual manifestations as central > nervous system > disease. Mass lesions of the brain and spinal cord and meningitis may > occur when > histoplasmosis disseminates to the central nervous system.42 > Disseminated histoplasmosis > may also be an early indicator of AIDS [see Subsection XI].42-45 Other > patients with overt > impairment of host defense, such as those with childhood leukemia or > lymphoma and > patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy after organ > transplantation, are also > at particular risk. In addition to immunosuppressed patients, persons > older than 54 years > appear to be predisposed to the development of disseminated disease.38 > An unusual form of disseminated disease, repeatedly relapsing > disseminated > histoplasmosis, has been described. This variant is characterized by > repeated relapses > despite large doses of amphotericin B, a high rate of adrenal > insufficiency, and depressed > lymphocyte proliferative responses at the time of relapse. Patients with > this variant had no > known underlying immunosuppressive condition.46 > > Chronic Cavitary Histoplasmosis > > Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis usually affects > middle-aged and elderly men > who have severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinically, the > disease is similar to > cavitary tuberculosis. Symptoms include productive cough, moderate > temperature elevation, > night sweats, malaise, fatigability, weakness, pleurisy, hemoptysis, and > progressive > respiratory distress. Given this picture and the changes visible on > x-ray examination , > it is not surprising that many such patients have been misdiagnosed and > treated for > tuberculosis. Histoplasmosis and tuberculosis may coexist. Chronic > histoplasmosis is usually > implanted on a substratum of preexisting centrilobular or bullous > emphysema. Thus, the > major prognostic determinant is often the degree of pulmonary function > remaining when > therapy is instituted. > > DIAGNOSIS > > Unlike the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, the diagnosis of > histoplasmosis depends on > the isolation of the H. capsulatum organism in culture. In primary > disease, the appropriate > specimens are sputum, blood, and urine; in disseminated disease, they > are bone marrow > (the most useful specimen), lymph nodes, blood, and biopsy samples from > known involved > organs; and in chronic cavitary disease, sputum culture alone is > reliable. The lysis > centrifugation blood-culturing technique is the most sensitive method > for detecting H. > capsulatum organisms in the blood. Immunologic techniques are useful > adjuncts but are not > as reliable as they are in other infectious diseases. Intradermal skin > testing with histoplasmin > is a useful epidemiological tool. In endemic areas, however, 90 percent > or more of the > population has positive tests because of asymptomatic infection, and > thus, a positive test is > especially difficult to interpret. > Serologic tests can be more useful than the histoplasmin skin test. > The standard serologic > test has been the complement-fixation test against two antigens: > histoplasmin, which is a > filtrate of the mycelial phase, and whole killed yeast-phase cells. The > mycelial-phase titer > commonly rises about one month after acute infection and disappears > within a few weeks or > months. The yeast-phase titer begins to rise somewhat later and persists > for many years. > Although there is some correlation between the level of the yeast-phase > titer and the > presence of disseminated or chronic cavitary disease, interpretation may > be rendered difficult > by cross-reaction with other diseases (e.g., other mycoses, > tuberculosis, and tumors) and by > false negative results. Increases in the titer of complement-fixing > antibodies, usually directed > against the histoplasmin antigen, will develop in 10 to 20 percent of > patients with positive > histoplasmin skin tests. Demonstration of complement-fixing antibodies > in the CSF can be > quite useful in diagnosing meningitis caused by H. capsulatum.47 > Immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis have been used to > detect the M and > H precipitin bands. Precipitating antibodies to the M antigen appear > early in the course of > histoplasmosis and persist for months to years. Precipitating antibodies > to the H antigen > occur predominantly in disseminated disease, chronic mediastinal > adenopathy, or chronic > pulmonary disease; these antibodies appear to offer promise as > diagnostic tools, particularly > when they are demonstrated by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.47 > Disseminated > histoplasmosis can be diagnosed rapidly by the detection of H. > capsulatum polysaccharide > antigens in serum and urine, and the performance of serial studies to > measure these antigens > can be both a useful guide to treatment and a warning of impending > relapse.48,49 > > TREATMENT > > Chemotherapy with amphotericin B is the basic element in the > management of serious > infection with H. capsulatum [see Amphotericin B Therapy, below]. Most > patients with > primary disease do not require therapy, but severely ill patients (e.g., > those with disease of > two or more weeksÆ duration, severe toxicity, or, particularly, > embarrassment of respiratory > function) can be effectively treated with relatively low doses of > amphotericin B. The exact > total dose needed is not clear but should be less than 1,000 mg and > probably less than 500 > mg. Disseminated disease always requires therapy; the mortality without > chemotherapy is > greater than 90 percent. Therapy with amphotericin B in a total dose of > 30 to 40 mg/kg has > reduced mortality in disseminated disease to less than 20 percent. > Treatment of chronic > pulmonary disease with amphotericin B alone (total dose of 25 to 40 > mg/kg) is particularly > effective when no cavities are present or when there is a thin-walled > cavity; cure rates of 90 > to 100 percent are achieved in such patients. Thick-walled and > persistent cavities, particularly > large cavities, are associated with a greater than 40 percent rate of > therapeutic failure with > medical management alone.38 > Itraconazole and ketoconazole have been shown to be effective > alternatives to > amphotericin B in patients with disseminated disease that is not life > threatening. Itraconazole > has been particularly useful as maintenance therapy to prevent relapse > of disseminated > histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS who have responded to an initial > course of > amphotericin B. At present, both fluconazole and liposomal amphotericin > B therapy are > reserved for patients who cannot tolerate either itraconazole or > conventional amphotericin B > therapy.43,44, 50-52 > Surgical ablation combined with amphotericin B or itraconazole > chemotherapy is useful for > patients with chronic cavitary pulmonary disease, bronchial obstructive > syndrome, > bronchiectasis, mediastinal granulomas, or fistulous tracts. > > ROBERT H. RUBIN, M.D. > > 38. Wheat J: Histoplasmosis: recognition and treatment. Clin Infect Dis > 19(suppl 1):S19, 1994 > 39. Loyd JE, Tillman BF, Atkinson JB, et al: Mediastinal fibrosis > complicating histoplasmosis. Medicine > (Baltimore) 67:295, 1988 > 40. Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA, Netto GJ, et al: Sclerosing mediastinitis: > improved management with > histoplasmosis titer and ketoconazole. Ann Thorac Surg 50:215, 1990 > 41. Wheat LJ, French ML, Wass JL: Sarcoidlike manifestations of > histoplasmosis. Arch Intern Med > 149:2421, 1989 > 42. Wheat LJ, Batteiger BE, Sathapatayavongs B: Histoplasma capsulatum > infections of the central nervous > system: a clinical review. Medicine (Baltimore) 69:244, 1990 > 43. Wheat J: Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis in individuals with > AIDS: a clinical review. Infect Dis > Clin North Am 8:467, 1994 > 44. Hajjeh RA: Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with > human immunodeficiency virus. Clin > Infect Dis 21(suppl 1):S108, 1995 > 45. Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield PA, Baker RL, et al: Disseminated > histoplasmosis in the acquired > immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and > treatment, and review of the literature. > Medicine (Baltimore) 69:361, 1990 > 46. Paya CV, Hermans PE, Van Scoy RE, et al: Repeatedly relapsing > disseminated histoplasmosis: clinical > observations during long-term follow-up. J Infect Dis 156:308, 1987 > 47. Davies SF: Serodiagnosis of histoplasmosis. Seminars in Respiratory > Disease 1:9, 1986 > 48. Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield P, Blair R, et al: Histoplasmosis > relapse in patients with AIDS: detection > using Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen levels. Ann > Intern Med 115:936, 1991 > 49. Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield P, Blair R, et al: Effect of > successful treatment with amphotericin B on > Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum polysaccharide antigen > levels in patients with AIDS and > histoplasmosis. Am J Med 92:153, 1992 > 50. Wheat J, Hafner R, Korzun AH, et al: Itraconazole treatment of > disseminated histoplasmosis in patients > with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS Clinical Trial > Group. Am J Med 98:336, 1995 > 51. Drew RH: Pharmacotherapy of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients > with AIDS. Ann Pharmacother > 27:1510, 1993 > 52. Wheat LJ, Hafner R, Wulfsohn M, et al: Prevention of relapse of > histoplasmosis with itraconazole in > patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The National > Institute of Allergy and Infectious > Diseases Clinical Trials and Mycoses Study Group Collaborators. Ann > Intern Med 118:610, 1993 > The above is copyright material of Scientific American Medicine, 1998. From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Thu Jul 9 04:31:59 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA05419 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:31:58 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id EAA06483. Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:28:39 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin07 [131.155.70.232] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA06479 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:28:33 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from dns.ncia.net [207.140.8.2] by svin07.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA05018 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:28:47 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from ncia.net (ncia89n.ncia.net [207.141.176.89]) by moose.ncia.net (8.8.7/8.6.12) with ESMTP id WAA18096 for ; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 22:28:44 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <35A41DA2.FB4D28A8@ncia.net> Date: Wed, 08 Jul 1998 21:32:19 -0400 From: WRB X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: Re: [EXP] Histoplasmosis -- to whom it may concern References: Conversation <35A2D6E1.6831228@ncia.net> with last message <35A2D6E1.6831228@ncia.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Keith Pickering wrote: > I believe the query about bat droppings was posted on Standpipe-L. > > Keith Pickering > keithp@minn.net > > | Thanks, Keith. Yes, I was/am aware of it. I hope the warning was widely enough broadcast, though. Bird and bat droppings are insidiously infective. When I was medical director at Allied-Signal I always took measures to rid any abandoned warehouses of birds. Employees in obscure places used to enjoy the shoot-outs. Not sure it would be so easy with bats, but the company didn't own any abandoned caves. Dick From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Thu Jul 9 09:46:22 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id JAA13705 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:46:21 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id JAA07319. Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:45:21 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from engels@wsinfm15 [131.155.69.168] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id JAA07314 (ESMTP). Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:45:16 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from engels@localhost by wsinfm15.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery@win.tue.nl id JAA02827. Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:45:14 +0200 (MET DST) From: engels@win.tue.nl (Andre Engels) Message-Id: <199807090745.JAA02827@wsinfm15.win.tue.nl> Subject: Re: [EXP] Histoplasmosis -- to whom it may concern To: discovery@win.tue.nl Date: Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:45:13 +0200 (MET DST) In-Reply-To: <35A41DA2.FB4D28A8@ncia.net> from "WRB" at Jul 8, 98 09:32:19 pm X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: O WRB wrote: > Keith Pickering wrote: > > > I believe the query about bat droppings was posted on Standpipe-L. > > > > Keith Pickering > > keithp@minn.net > > > > | > > Thanks, Keith. Yes, I was/am aware of it. I hope the warning was widely > enough broadcast, though. Bird and bat droppings are insidiously infective. > When I was medical director at Allied-Signal I always took measures to rid any > abandoned warehouses of birds. Employees in obscure places used to enjoy the > shoot-outs. Not sure it would be so easy with bats, but the company didn't own > any abandoned caves. However serious it is, this is widely off-topic, and I would therefore urge anyone NOT to use the discovery & exploration list for this kind of messages. If there is a question about it, then fine, but otherwise you should keep to the topic of the list. Thank you, and thanks Keith for explaining the mistake (so I know I should not get angry with the poster, but at most mildly annoyed). Your list manager, -- Andre Engels, engels@win.tue.nl, ICQ #6260644 http://www.win.tue.nl/cs/fm/engels/index_en.html Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently. -- Rosa Luxemburg From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Sun Jul 12 03:05:16 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id DAA24509 (ESMTP). Sun, 12 Jul 1998 03:05:15 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id CAA17136. Sun, 12 Jul 1998 02:32:41 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin03 [131.155.70.153] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id CAA17132 (ESMTP). Sun, 12 Jul 1998 02:32:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us [146.115.194.10] by svin03.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id CAA09120 (ESMTP). Sun, 12 Jul 1998 02:32:22 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from [146.115.69.77] by bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us with SMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 1.2); Sat, 11 Jul 1998 20:33:15 -0400 X-Sender: reaston@bert.bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Sat, 11 Jul 1998 20:36:02 -0500 To: discovery@win.tue.nl From: reaston@bancroft.pvt.k12.ma.us (Robert W. Easton) Subject: Re: [EXP] Viking travels Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Thank you all for the answers to my Viking question and (as usual) the education too. Robert W. Easton Bancroft School 12 Beechmont Street 110 Shore Drive Worcester, MA Worcester, MA 01609 01605 From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Mon Jul 13 06:03:56 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id GAA00855 (ESMTP). Mon, 13 Jul 1998 06:03:54 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id FAA19021. Mon, 13 Jul 1998 05:32:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svbs01 [131.155.69.3] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id FAA19017 (ESMTP). Mon, 13 Jul 1998 05:31:43 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from jds@opus.vcn.bc.ca [207.102.64.2] by svbs01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id FAA26626 (ESMTP). Mon, 13 Jul 1998 05:31:39 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from localhost (jds@localhost) by vcn.bc.ca (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id UAA24218; Sun, 12 Jul 1998 20:31:35 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 12 Jul 1998 20:31:34 -0700 (PDT) From: "John D. Spittle" To: MAPHIST@harvarda.harvard.edu, discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: [EXP] SHD Conference Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERIES 1998 Annual Meeting CONFERENCE WEBSITE http://www.vcn.bc.ca/shd98 EXPANDED & UPDATED 10TH JULY 1998 PLEASE NOTE THAT THE URL IS INCORRECTLY SHOWN IN THE BROCHURE From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Fri Jul 24 04:37:28 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA14689 (ESMTP). Fri, 24 Jul 1998 04:37:28 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id EAA10414. Fri, 24 Jul 1998 04:34:59 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin03 [131.155.70.153] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA10410 (ESMTP). Fri, 24 Jul 1998 04:34:53 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from smtp.snet.net [204.60.3.125] by svin03.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id EAA16930 (ESMTP). Fri, 24 Jul 1998 04:34:52 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from daisy.snet.net (mail.snet.net [204.60.7.83]) by smtp1 (8.8.8/8.8.8/SNET-bmx-1.1) with ESMTP id WAA05937 for ; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 22:34:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from absaroka (ptnm-sh1-port77.snet.net [204.60.41.77]) by daisy.snet.net (8.8.8/8.8.8/SNET-pop-1.1) with SMTP id WAA12906 for ; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 22:34:49 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <004e01bdb6ab$6f9f0fc0$4d293ccc@absaroka.snet.net> From: "John L. Allen" To: Subject: Re: [EXP] welsh prince discovers America? Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 22:33:24 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.1 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Slight correction: the name of the editor of the 3-volume North American Exploration series from University of Nebraska Press is John Logan Allen. Yes, Alan Macpherson's excellent chapter on pre-Columbian exploration in that work contains a pretty good list of sources for the Welsh Indian legend. For a most readable and plausibly argued novelization of the Welsh-Mandan evolution, see James Alexander Thom's THE CHILDREN OF FIRST MAN (Ballantine, New York, 1994). Probably never happened but Thom almost makes you want to believe it. Best, John Allen Geography, UConn -----Original Message----- From: Douglas W Sims To: discovery@win.tue.nl Date: Wednesday, June 24, 1998 1:50 AM Subject: Re: [EXP] welsh prince discovers America? > The most recent treatment of the Madoc legend, with good attention >to the sources, is by Alan G. Macpherson in vol. 1 of 'North American >Exploration,' ed. John Allen Logan. Lincoln, 1997, pp. 18-21 and 454-455 >(for the notes). > >Doug > >Douglas W Sims >gastaldi@ix.netcom.com > From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Thu Jul 30 20:39:03 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id UAA05637 (ESMTP). Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:39:03 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id UAA22394. Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:35:38 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin04 [131.155.70.154] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id UAA22390 (ESMTP). Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:35:33 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from carbon.uunet.be [194.7.1.21] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id UAA05619 (ESMTP). Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:35:30 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from pool051a-100.innet.be (pool051a-100.innet.be [194.7.8.100]) by carbon.uunet.be (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id UAA19920 for ; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:35:29 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <199807301835.UAA19920@carbon.uunet.be> X-Sender: pub00721@pophost.club.innet.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Thu, 30 Jul 1998 20:22:00 +0000 To: discovery@win.tue.nl From: Deckers Johan Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR I'm looking for information and the history of a small island, Maria Island, east of Tasmania. All I know is that it was leased by Angelo Bernacchi at the end of the 19th century. Angelo Bernacchi was the father of Louis Bernacchi, who joined the Southern Cross expedition of Borghrevink (1898-1900) and Scott's first Antartic expediton (1901-04). Thanks Johan Deckers From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Fri Jul 31 16:11:06 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id QAA27054 (ESMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 16:11:06 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id QAA25399. Fri, 31 Jul 1998 16:09:08 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin07 [131.155.70.232] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id QAA25395 (ESMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 16:08:59 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from carbon.uunet.be [194.7.1.21] by svin07.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id QAA29117 (ESMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 16:08:58 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from pool051a-105.innet.be (pool051a-105.innet.be [194.7.8.105]) by carbon.uunet.be (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id QAA16581 for ; Fri, 31 Jul 1998 16:08:56 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <199807311408.QAA16581@carbon.uunet.be> X-Sender: pub00721@pophost.club.innet.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1998 15:55:10 +0000 To: discovery@win.tue.nl From: Deckers Johan Subject: [EXP] Waiheke Island Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR First of all, thanks for your help on my earlier questions about Maria Island and Mehetia Island. Your help was very usefull. Once more, i'm looking for information and the history of a small island: Waiheke Island, in the Hauraki gulf, close to Auckland (New-Zealand). Thanks Johan Deckers From owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Fri Jul 31 22:27:01 1998 Received: from majordom@svin12.win.tue.nl [131.155.71.135] by svin04.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id WAA29956 (ESMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 22:27:01 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from majordom@localhost by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for discovery-list id WAA27043. Fri, 31 Jul 1998 22:16:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from root@svin01 [131.155.70.70] by svin12.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id WAA27039 (ESMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 22:16:19 +0200 (MET DST) Received: from bbs.doruk.com.tr [195.174.34.127] by svin01.win.tue.nl (8.8.7) for id WAA24517 (SMTP). Fri, 31 Jul 1998 22:16:12 +0200 (MET DST) From: rlb To: discovery@win.tue.nl Subject: [EXP] Active geography lists and newsgroups Date: Fri, 31 Jul 98 22:52:07 In-Reply-To: Deckers Johan Comment: Turkce karekter filtresinden gecirildi. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Message-ID: <9807312313.aa07540@bbs.doruk.com.tr> Sender: owner-discovery@win.tue.nl Precedence: bulk Reply-To: discovery@win.tue.nl Status: OR Hi all, Can anyone recommend some ACTIVE geography-related lists and newsgroups? I've subscribed to a few that I've found on the Internet and through Liszter but the traffic on them is close to zilch. There must be professional geographers out there somewhere talking about things in Cyberspace. Where are they hiding? Bob Bragner Reply by email please to rlb@doruk.com.tr or tiglat@doruk.net.tr --- Kanyak's Doghouse