Course page Advanced Calculus (2DBN10)

Philosophy is written in this grand book — I mean the universe — which stands continually open to our gaze, but it cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics...

G. Galilei, Il Saggiatore, 1623


Lecturer: G. Prokert
g.prokert@tue.nl
tel. 2284
MF 5.067

Examination:
Homework:

On Fridays week 1-6, a set of problems is published on the course page. These problems have to be solved in groups, and the solutions are to be delivered in CANVAS the next Friday evening (week 2-7).



Material:

Prerequisites: Calculus (in one variable) and Linear Algebra , with contents and level of the courses
(There is no formal demand for students taking our course to have taken or passed these two courses before. However, we will rely on their contents as working knowledge.)

Content per lecture:

(Subject to change if necessary. The exercise problems given represent a minimum. It is advisable to practice more if  you experience difficulties with a given topic.)

Lecture 1: part 1 part 2
(In Part 1, the mathematics starts at 12:55. The organizational matters are somewhat different this year. At 10:10, there is an error: The homework groups should consist of 4 students.)
 
Content: linear second order ordinary differential equations (ODE) with constant coefficients I

Material: [A] 3.7

Concepts: damped / non-damped oscillations, linear ODEs of second order with constant coefficients, general solution

Abilities: solving linear second order ODEs with constant coefficients
Exercises: [A] 3.7:  3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 31, 32, 33, 34

Lecture 2: part 1 part 2 
(Sorry for the error on the sheet on the ansatz methods. The corrected version is here. In Part 1 at 12:30, a factor i is missing in the numbers e^(+-pi/3 * i). )

Content:  linear second order ordinary differential equations (ODE) with constant coefficients II. Systems of linear ODEs with constant coefficients I

Material: [A] 19.6, [L] 6.2, Sheets, extra material on the general case

Concepts: free / forced oscillation, resonance, homogeneous system of linear ODEs with constant coefficients, its general solution, initial value problem

Abilities: solving (initial value problems for) inhomogeneous linear second order ODEs with constant coefficients by variation of parameters or ansatz methods, solving homogeneous systems of linear ODEs with constant coefficients in the diagonalizable case

Some theoretical background about the ansatz method

Problems:
[A] 18.6. 1, 3, 7, 11, 20
[L] 6.2 1d,e, 2b, 3


Homework Set 1


Lecture 3: part 1 part 2


Content: Systems of linear ODEs with constant coefficients II, Laplace transform I

Material: [A] 20.1, (9th edition 18.7) (Mind the wrong sign in the definition of "exponential order".)
Sheets, table, Video (Khan Academy, first in a series), survey

Concepts: homogeneous / inhomogeneous system of linear ODEs with constant coefficients, particular solution, Laplace transform

Abilities: solving (initial value problems for) systems of linear ODEs with constant coefficients in the diagonalizable case, calculation of Laplace transforms (directly and via general rules)

Exercises   Solutions
Lecture 4: part 1 part 2
(Sorry for the confusion around the Laplace transform of a time-shifted function. Read here what should have been on the board.)
Content: Laplace transform II

Material: [A] 20.1, (9th edition 18.7),survey, table

Concepts: (inverse) Laplace transform

Abilities: Applying Laplace transform  when solving initial value problems for (systems of) linear ODEs with constant coefficients

Exercises  Solutions         




Some internet material on the Laplace transform:

Video C. Tisdell
Lecture Notes Univ. of Southampton

Homework Set 2


Lecture 5
(The recording of the lecture starts at 36:20. Unfortunately, the first part of the lecture is missing. Here is the first part of the corresponding lecture from 2018 )

Content: Functions of several variables

Material: [A] 13.1, 2, 10.5 (in part) 10.1-4 (recap of 2WCB0)

Concepts: function of several variables, domain, image, graph, level line / surface, limit, continuity,

Abilities: for functions of 2 or 3 variables: in simple cases finding, sketching and interpreting suitable geometric representations, finding limits, deciding whether a function is continuous



Problems:[A]
13.1. 7, 12, 14, 22, 32, 39
10.5. 4, 5, 9, 13, 17, 19
13.2. 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15


Lecture 6: part 1  part 2

Content: Differential calculus for functions of several variables I

Material: [A] 13.3, 5, 6 (in part) , 7 (definition of the gradient), Sheets

Concepts: partial derivatives, linear approximation, gradient, chain rule, directional derivatives

Abilities: Calculating partial derivatives, linearizations, gradients, directional derivatives, applying the chain rule


Problems:[A]
13.2. 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15
13.3. 6, 10, 11, 15, 20, 28, 30
13.5. 3, 9,11, 13, 15,
13.6. 2, 4, 5
Homework Set 3


Lecture 7: part 1 part 2

Content: Differential calculus for functions of several variables II

Material: [A] 12.7, 8 (in part), Sheets (Implicit Function Theorem, multiindex notation)

Concepts: Implicit Function theorem in 2D, higher order partial derivatives, multiindex notation

Abilities: applying differential calculus to standard geometric constructions (tangent planes to graphs and level surfaces, tangent lines to level lines), applying the Implicit Function Theorem in 2D


Problems:[A]
13.7. 4, 6, 8, 15, 18, 31
13.8. 1,5,7

       
  Homework Set 4
  


Lecture 8: part 1 part 2

Content:  Differential calculus for functions of several variables III, critical points, extrema

Material: [A] 12.4, 12.5, 12.9, Sheets, List of standard Taylor expansions in 1D, example
Concepts: Higher order partial and directional derivatives, Taylor approximation, Taylor's theorem.

Abilities: Calculating higher order (directional) derivatives, use of multiindex notation, calculation of Taylor polynomials

Problems:[A]
13.4. 4, 6, 11
13.5. 19, 20
13.8. 22
13.9 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15


Lecture 9: part 1 part 2

Content: Optimization I

Material: [A] 14.1, without Theorem 3, including second derivative test for functions of 2 variables, see Remark p. 750;
14.2 until "Linear Programming"
Concepts: local / global maximum / minimum, critical point, saddle point

Abilities: finding and (in 2D) classifying of critical points and extrema on domains with and without boundary

Problems: [A]
14. 1. 1, 4, 8, 14, 16 (three variables: only finding the critical points), 19, 23, 26
14.2. 1, 3, 5, 8, 11






Lecture 10: part 1 part 2
Content: Optimization II

Material: [A] 14.3 until "Nonlinear programming"

Concepts: constraints, Lagrange multiplier, Lagrange equation

Abilities: formulating and solving of Lagrange equations for differentiable optimization problems with equality constraints


Problems: [A]
14.3 1, 3, 7, 8 (Note: the length of the major and minor half axis of an ellipse are the maximal and minimal distances of points on the ellipse to the center), 10, 14, 17, 18, 20


  Lecture 11: part 1 part 2

Content:  Differential calculus for functions of several variables IV: vector valued functions

Material: [A] 13.6, 13.8, Pencast

Concepts: vector valued functions of several variables, their derivatives and linearizations, Jacobi matrices, chain rule for vector valued functions, Implicit Function Theorem (general case)

Abilities: Calculation of derivatives and linearizations for functions of several variables, applications of the Implicit Function Theorem to systems of equations

Problems:[A]
13.6. 18, 19,
13.8. 13, 14, 16 ,17,18 (for the notation in the last two problems, see [A] 13.8, "Choosing dependent and independent variables"


Some students asked for exam-type questions for set 3 and 4.


Homework Set 6
 

Lecture 12: part 1 part 2
Content: Integral calculus for functions of several variables I

Material: [A] 15.1, 15.2, 15 .5

Concepts: Integral of a function of several variables, domain of integration

Abilities: Calculation of integrals of functions of several variables by iterated integrals, interchanging integration order

Problems: [A]
15.1 17,19,21 ("by inspection" means: without explicitly calculating integrals, by geometric reasoning)
15.2 5,6,15,16, 22, 25
15.5 5,7,10,15,17,19


Lecture 13: part 1 part 2
Content:  Integral calculus for functions of several variables II

Material: [A] 15.3,4,

Concepts: Improper integrals in several variables, Change of Variables formula

Abilities: Investigation of convergence and calculation of improper integrals in several variables, applying change of variables in multidimensional integrals, in particular, in polar coordinates

Problems: [A]
15.3 1,5,6,13, 15
15.4 7, 9, 11, 18, 30
Lecture 14: part 1 part 2
Content:  Integral calculus for functions of several variables III

Material: [A] 15.6, 15.7 Pencast

Concepts: cylindrical coordinates, spherical coordinates

Abilities: Calculation of integrals in 3D, in particular using.cylindrical and spherical coordinates

Problems: [A]
15.6 1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16
15.7 19, 20, 21

    Final test November 2017                 Solutions
    Final test February 2018                    Solutions
    Final test November 2018                 Solutions
          Final test January 2019                  Solutions
            Final test October 2019                     Solutions
          Final test January 2020                  Solutions
          Final test October 2020                  Solutions
          Final test January 2021                  Solutions
          Final test November 2021              Solutions
          Final test January 2022                  Solutions       
          Final test May 2022                       Solutions
          Final test November 2022              Solutions 
          Final test January 2023                  Solutions
          Final test November 2023              Solutions
          Final test January 2024                 Solutions